Causes of car crashes: 10 risk factors NHTSA tracks
Quartz
Last updated: October 29, 2026
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) identifies ten primary risk factors contributing to car crashes and injuries in the United States. These factors encompass driver behavior, environmental conditions, and vehicle issues, highlighting a multi-faceted approach to road safety.
- Speeding is a significant factor, increasing the likelihood of crashes and the severity of injuries.
- Impairment, primarily due to alcohol or drug consumption, severely compromises a driver's ability to operate a vehicle safely.
- Driver distraction, including cell phone use and other in-vehicle activities, diverts attention from the road.
- Adverse weather conditions, such as rain, snow, and fog, reduce visibility and traction, making driving more hazardous.
- Vehicle defects, such as brake failure or tire blowouts, can directly lead to loss of control and accidents.
- Drowsy driving poses a similar risk to impaired driving, affecting reaction times and judgment.
- Aggressive driving behaviors, like tailgating and improper lane changes, escalate risks.
- Failure to use seat belts is a critical factor in injury severity, though not a direct cause of crashes.
- Running red lights and stop signs demonstrates disregard for traffic signals, leading to collisions.
- Improper turning and passing maneuvers can result in dangerous interactions with other vehicles.
- Finally, pedestrian and cyclist factors, such as lack of visibility or improper crossing, also contribute to crashes.
